What Is an Open Relationship?
An open relationship is a broad term that involves various forms of non-monogamy. This can include arrangements like couples who have threesomes but only engage with others when both partners are present. Some couples may choose to explore sexual encounters with others only when one partner is away.
Others might delve into their fetishes or kinks with other people while maintaining their primary sexual relationship with their partner. Many people in open relationships might form long-lasting emotional and sexual bonds with multiple partners, known as polyamory. The possibilities are vast, allowing you and your partner to explore different dynamics to find what works best for both of you.
How Do Open Relationships Work?
There’s no definitive evidence that open relationships are more likely to fail than monogamous ones, despite common assumptions.
Just like in monogamous relationships, you can experience security, value, and love in an open relationship.
As DeRosa notes, “The success of a relationship depends on how we measure it. Most relationships face challenges, regardless of their structure. The health of any relationship is determined by the participants. Effective communication and proactive engagement are key, and I see no significant difference in outcomes based on relationship structure.”
Open relationships thrive on the same principles as monogamous ones: clear communication, established boundaries, and mutual trust. They can be successful when both partners understand and agree on the rules, and when there’s no underlying sense of inequality.
Setting Boundaries
The first step in opening up your relationship is to discuss and establish clear boundaries with your partner. These boundaries will vary based on individual preferences and the reasons for opening the relationship. It’s important to cover all details, such as:
- If you’re exploring your queer identity, are there specific gender boundaries for sexual engagement?
- If one partner has a higher libido, does that mean sexual relationships are permitted but emotional connections and sleepovers are off-limits?
- What are the rules for safe sex?
- How will new partners be introduced to friends and family?
- Are you comfortable with new partners visiting your home if you live together?
Discussing and agreeing on these specifics helps prevent accidental boundary crossings. Concrete rules, such as “no sleepovers,” are often more effective than rules based on emotions, like “don’t fall in love.” Remember, you might not know exactly what you need until you encounter new situations, making this a fluid and evolving process.
Sharing Details vs. “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”
Consider whether you want to know every detail of your partner’s interactions with others or if you prefer to stay in the dark. Some people might not want to know specifics but may still want to be aware of major milestones, such as penetrative sex or developing emotional connections. Respecting your partner’s preferences for how much information they want to share is crucial, as too much information can be overwhelming.
Hierarchy vs. Non-Hierarchy
For those open to multiple romantic and sexual relationships, deciding on a hierarchical or non-hierarchical approach is important. In a hierarchical relationship, one partner may be considered primary, with others being secondary or tertiary.
Secondary partners might have fewer expectations regarding time spent together, living arrangements, or family planning. Transitioning from a monogamous to a hierarchical or non-hierarchical relationship can be challenging, especially for new partners who may feel less prioritized.
Weekly Check-Ins
Adjusting to an open relationship is a flexible process. Regular weekly check-ins can help you both assess how you’re feeling and how well the boundaries are working. It’s often necessary to renegotiate and adapt as you find what works for both of you. Keep track of your feelings throughout the week rather than sending urgent texts while your partner is on a date. Flexibility and open communication are key as you navigate this new territory.
Take It Slow
If you’re new to open relationships, start gradually. For instance, you might begin by allowing one partner to flirt with others while still maintaining a focus on your primary relationship. This doesn’t have to involve physical activity but can help you gauge how comfortable you both are with this new dynamic. Depending on your reasons for opening the relationship, you can gradually progress to more explicit activities.
Opening up your relationship can be a transformative experience. Honest communication with your partner throughout the process is essential. Be prepared for evolving rules and challenging conversations, but remember that finding a dynamic that works for both of you can be incredibly rewarding.
Is an Open Relationship Right for You?
There’s no one-size-fits-all answer to whether an open relationship is right for you.
To begin with, if the idea of sharing your primary partner or engaging in additional sexual encounters makes you uncomfortable, consensual non-monogamy (CNM) might not be the best fit.
According to Sophia Turner, a relationship and sex therapist from Chicago, Illinois, here are some indicators that an open relationship could be a good match for you:
- The idea of having multiple sexual partners excites you.
- You’re interested in exploring different types of relationship dynamics.
- You’re ready to engage in open, honest, and compassionate communication with your partner.
- You have the time to invest in managing multiple relationships.
- You feel prepared to handle the jealousy that might come with an open relationship.
The Pros and Cons of an Open Relationship
A 2020 longitudinal study found that people in consensual non-monogamous (CNM) relationships report similar levels of happiness as those in monogamous relationships. Open relationships can offer several specific benefits, such as:
- Increased sexual satisfaction
- Stronger communication skills
- A broader social network and more connections
- A renewed sense of excitement or adventure in the relationship
However, open relationships can also present challenges, particularly if boundaries are unclear or if one partner is less enthusiastic about sexual intimacy with others. Potential downsides include:
- Anxiety or fear related to the relationship
- Jealousy
- Risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Challenges with time management and partner commitment
- Additional expenses associated with having multiple partners
- Navigating situations where secondary partners seek deeper involvement
Tips for Discussing an Open Relationship with Your Partner
Effective, honest communication is essential for a successful open relationship. Initiating a conversation about this type of relationship can reveal how well your communication skills will hold up over time.
To facilitate this discussion, DeRosa, Dirksen, and Turner suggest the following tips:
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Know Your Goals
- Â Be clear about what you want and why you want it before starting the conversation.
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Choose the Right Setting
- Â Find a time and place where both of you feel safe, relaxed, and comfortable.
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Be Transparent
- Â Clearly express your intentions and motivations.
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Approach Without Judgment
- Keep the conversation open and non-judgmental.
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Stay Calm
- Â Maintain a composed demeanor throughout the discussion.
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Define Boundaries
- Â Be ready to discuss specific boundaries, such as the number, age, and gender of potential partners.
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Clarify Relationship Structure
-  Specify the type of open relationship you’re interested in (e.g., open vs. polyamory).
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Listen and Empathize
- Focus on understanding and empathizing with your partner’s perspective.
As Dirksen points out, “If your partner says no, you may need to reflect on what you want from your future sex and love life and engage in more difficult conversations.”
Remember, for an open relationship to work, both partners need to be comfortable and satisfied with the relationship structure.
It’s not uncommon for individuals to reevaluate their open relationship. If you find that this arrangement isn’t working—whether due to jealousy, communication issues, changes in personal desires, or other factors—it’s important to discuss your feelings with your partner and explore how to move forward together.
Dr. Tara also suggests seeking the help of a therapist experienced in non-monogamy to address relationship issues. “If therapy leads you to realize that ending the relationship might be the best option, have a discussion for closure and part ways respectfully. Take time to heal and focus on your physical and mental well-being. When you’re ready, you can either continue dating as a single person looking for a non-monogamous partner or reconsider monogamy if you find that an open relationship isn’t right for you.”